Inverter circuit, fluorescent tube lighting apparatus, backlight apparatus, and liquid crystal display

ABSTRACT

A driving apparatus and a driving method are disclosed that are capable of uniformly lighting each entire fluorescent tube irrespective of the length or number of fluorescent tubes when simultaneously driving a plurality of fluorescent tubes in a fluorescent tube lighting apparatus. When two inverter circuits having respective transformers are provided at both ends of a fluorescent tube to light the fluorescent tube by push-pull driving, feedback windings of transformers not used in self-excited oscillation of each inverter circuit are connected together, with the transformer connection that connects together the feedback windings being either in-phase or in opposite phase, and the method of connection for fluorescent tubes connecting to secondary windings of each transformer can be changed in accordance with that connection method.

CROSS-REFERENCED TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a Divisional of co-pending application Ser. No.10/523,107 filed on Feb. 3, 2005 and for which priority is claimed under35 U.S.C. §120. application Ser. No. 10/523,107 is the national phase ofPCT International Application No. PCT/JP03/08563 filed on Jul. 4, 2003under 35 U.S.C. §371. The entire contents of each of theabove-identified applications are hereby incorporated by reference.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to an inverter circuit driving a drivenunit, a fluorescent tube lighting apparatus driving a fluorescent tube,a backlight apparatus supplying uniform planar light using a fluorescenttube driving apparatus, and a liquid crystal display that can display animage by assigning gradation levels to light emitted from the backlightapparatus using a liquid crystal panel.

BACKGROUND ART

Japan Utility Model Publication (Unexamined Application) No. 5-90897discloses the following art as a conventional example of an invertercircuit driving a driven unit using two step-up transformers.

That is, as shown in FIG. 13, the conventional example describes aninverter circuit 308 comprising: an inverter circuit 304 a having astep-up transformer 301 a having a primary winding 309 a, a secondarywinding 305 a and a feedback winding 306, and a pair of transistors 302a and 303 a for push-pull driving; and another inverter circuit 304 bhaving a step-up transformer 301 b having a primary winding 309 b and asecondary winding 305 b, and a pair of transistors 302 b and 303 b forpush-pull driving, wherein the feedback winding 306 of step-uptransformer 301 a is also used in self-excited oscillation of the otherinverter circuit 304 b. By means of the inverter circuit 308,alternating voltages that are in opposite phase to each other areapplied between secondary winding 305 a and secondary winding 305 b thatare connected to both ends of a fluorescent tube 307.

Inverter circuit 308 of the above conventional example uses only thefeedback winding of step-up transformer 301 a comprised by one invertercircuit 304 a to attempt to reverse the phase relationship for thephases of the output from the secondary windings of the step-uptransformers on both sides, and the feedback winding of the otherstep-up transformer is not used. In this configuration, the phases ofvoltages output from the secondary windings 305 a and 305 b of the twoinverter circuits 304 a and 304 b cannot be stabilized to reverse thephase relationship thereof, and thus driving becomes imbalanced and bothends of fluorescent tube 307 cannot be lit to an equal level ofbrightness.

More specifically, when configuring the controlling inverter circuitsaccording to the above conventional art so that the output voltages ofinverter circuits connected to both ends of a driven unit are ofopposite phases, because the oscillation frequencies of inverter 304 aand inverter 304 b are different to each other, a phase difference isgenerated and oscillation becomes unstable. Accordingly, a problemarises whereby potential at both ends of the driven unit cannot bestabilized to reverse the phase relationship thereof.

With the foregoing problem in view, it is an object of the presentinvention to provide an inverter circuit that stabilizes the potentialsat both ends of a driven unit to reverse the phase relationship thereof,and improves the power efficiency of the driven unit.

A unit driven using this type of inverter circuit may be a fluorescenttube, as also described in the conventional example. For a fluorescenttube it is desirable that the brightness thereof be uniform from one endof the tube to the other end. However, when a fluorescent tube is litusing the above conventional art, the phases at both ends do notstabilize and the phase relationship cannot be reversed, and asmentioned above, a problem thus arises that brightness at both ends doesnot become constant.

Therefore, with the foregoing problem in view, another object of thepresent invention is to provide a fluorescent tube driving apparatusthat stabilizes the potentials applied at both ends of a fluorescenttube to reverse the phase relationship thereof, to thereby redress animbalance in the luminescent brightness of the fluorescent tube and emitlight almost uniformly across the entire tube, and furthermore, improvethe luminous efficiency of the fluorescent tube.

A backlight is used as a lighting apparatus for a display apparatus suchas, for example, a translucent liquid crystal display, and a fluorescenttube is mainly used as the lighting source of the backlight. In suchtype of backlight, a uniform level of brightness is required throughoutthe entire display to prevent inconsistencies in brightness beinggenerated on the display screen. However, when driving a backlight usingthe conventional art, since it is not possible to stabilize the voltagesat both ends of a fluorescent tube to reverse the phase relationshipthereof, the brightness at both end sides does not become constant andit is difficult to obtain uniform brightness across the entire display.

Therefore, with the foregoing problem in view, it is a further object ofthe present invention to provide a backlight apparatus that canstabilize the potentials applied at both ends of a fluorescent tube toreverse the phase relationship thereof, to thereby redress imbalances inluminescent brightness at both ends of the fluorescent tube, and whichis capable of having an irradiance distribution of uniform brightnessthroughout an entire display, and furthermore, high luminous efficiency.

Further, for a liquid crystal display, it is required that the entiredisplay screen be stabilized to designate gradation levels to providefine image quality. However, a problem exists whereby it is difficult toprovide fine image quality unless the brightness of a backlight employedas the light source of the liquid crystal display is constant over theentire display.

Therefore, with the foregoing problem in view, it is a further object ofthe present invention to provide a liquid crystal display whereinpotentials applied at both ends of a fluorescent tube used in abacklight of the liquid crystal display are stabilized to reverse thephase relationship thereof, to thereby redress imbalances in luminescentbrightness at both ends of the fluorescent tube to obtain uniform planarluminescence over the entire display, and based thereon, provide fineimage quality and furthermore, high luminous efficiency.

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

In order to achieve the above objects, the fluorescent tube lightingapparatus of the present invention is characterized by comprisinginverter circuits provided in a pair at both ends of a driven unit andhaving a means whereby the inverter circuits are indirectly connectedwith each other so that alternating voltages applied at both ends of thedriven unit maintain a reverse phase relationship with respect to eachother. Herein, the term “indirectly connected” means a connection notinvolving movement of a carrier (electron or positive hole) between eachof the inverter circuits. More specifically, the method is exemplifiedby a connection between the inverter circuits that utilizes an inductivecoupling effect typified by a coil or transformer or the like.

Further, the fluorescent tube lighting apparatus of the presentinvention is characterized by utilizing as a means for the above“indirect connection”, (1) coupling between higher-order windings notused in self-excited oscillation of each inverter circuit, or (2)so-called “inductive coupling between windings” involving couplingbetween at least one winding in each inverter circuit, typified bycoupling between choke coils of each inverter circuit or the like.

In addition, the fluorescent tube lighting apparatus of the presentinvention is characterized by using as a means for the above “inductivecoupling between windings”, in the case of (1) above: direct coupling,coupling via transformer, proximity coupling of parallel coils, or thelike; and in the case of (2) above: coupling via transformer, proximitycoupling of parallel coils, transformed coupling, or simple proximitycoupling.

Further, the fluorescent tube lighting apparatus of the presentinvention is characterized in that the driving of each inverter circuitis in an opposite phase relationship (opposite phases between inverters)with respect to the other inverter circuit.

According to any of the configurations of the above fluorescent tubelighting apparatus, since voltages applied to both ends of a driven unitare stabilized to reverse the phase relationship thereof, it is possibleto apply stabilized alternating voltages of opposite phases with thesame frequency at both ends of a driven unit.

In addition, the fluorescent tube lighting apparatus of the presentinvention is characterized in that, when each inverter circuit has twooutput terminals, the two outputs are in a reverse phase relationshipwith respect to each other (opposite phases within an inverter).

Further, the fluorescent tube lighting apparatus of the presentinvention is characterized in that, as the above method of reversing thephase relationship between inverters, either, (1) primary windings oftwo 1-input, 1-output inverter transformers are wound in reverse withrespect to each other, (2) secondary windings of one 1-input, 2-outputinverter transformer are wound in reverse with respect to each other, or(3) in two 1-input, 2-output inverter transformers, secondary windingswithin the inverter transformers are wound in reverse with respect toeach other, and secondary windings of each inverter transformer arewound in reverse with respect to secondary windings of the otherinverter transformer.

According to any of the configurations of the above fluorescent tubelighting apparatus, it is possible to cancel out electrical or magneticnoise generated in a core or the like by a transformer induction effectinside each inverter circuit, making it possible to eliminate noisegenerated at the two ends of a driven unit.

Herein, for a driven unit, for example, a heater such as a sheath heateror a Nichrome heater, or a fluorescent tube or the like can be used.When any of the above inverter circuits is used with a sheath heater ora Nichrome heater, the heating state at both ends of the sheath heatercan be equalized, and thus the inverter circuits are superior for use inconditions that require a uniform heating state. Further, when the aboveinverter circuits are used with a fluorescent tube, uniform brightnesscan be obtained at both ends of the fluorescent tube, and thus theinverter circuits are superior for use in conditions that require auniform level of brightness.

Regarding a means for connecting together feedback windings of invertercircuits at both ends of a driven unit, when the driven unit is linearlydisposed and the inverter circuits at both ends are disposed at the endparts of the driven unit, it is necessary to provide a connecting meansof a length equivalent to the length of the driven unit, and as thelength of the means for connecting together the feedback windingsincreases, the problem may arise that power loss and noise aregenerated.

A specific example of a case where noise is a problem is as follows.When driving a fluorescent tube used in a backlight of a large-sizeliquid crystal display using any of the above inverter circuits, noiseis generated from a connecting wire that connects together feedbackwindings, and this generates a problem whereby the image of the displayscreen of the liquid crystal panel is adversely affected.

To solve this problem it is desirable to make the voltage applied to theconnecting wire that connects together the feedback windings of theinverter circuits at both ends of the driven unit a low voltage. Bylowering the voltage the noise can be reduced, and at the same time,power loss can also be decreased.

Therefore, the fluorescent tube lighting apparatus of the presentinvention is characterized in that the two ends of a fluorescent tubeare coupled by means of a secondary winding of an inverter transformerhaving a tertiary winding used in self-excited oscillation, and asecondary winding of an inverter transformer having a tertiary windingnot used in self-excited oscillation, respectively.

Further, the fluorescent tube lighting apparatus of the presentinvention is characterized in that the number of turns of a tertiarywinding used in the above indirect connection is less than the number ofturns of a tertiary winding used in self-excited oscillation.

According to any of the configurations of the above fluorescent tubelighting apparatus, it is possible to equalize the balance of electricpower applied to a plurality of fluorescent tubes in a multiple-lighttype fluorescent tube lighting apparatus, and also to control the degreeof coupling between inverter circuits to suppress the strength of noiseexerted on the entire fluorescent tube lighting apparatus.

Furthermore, the fluorescent tube lighting apparatus of the presentinvention is characterized in that, for fluorescent tubes disposed inparallel using a plurality of the above fluorescent tube lightingapparatuses, the fluorescent tube lighting apparatuses are indirectlyconnected so that the phases of alternating voltages applied to thefluorescent tubes are inverted per each fluorescent tube or per thenumber of fluorescent tubes driven by a single fluorescent tube lightingapparatus.

In addition, the fluorescent tube lighting apparatus of the presentinvention is characterized by utilizing as a means for the above“indirect connection”, (1) coupling between tertiary windings not usedin self-excited oscillation of each fluorescent tube lighting apparatus,or (2) so-called “inductive coupling between windings”, involvingcoupling between at least one winding in each fluorescent tube lightingapparatus, and typified by coupling between choke coils of eachfluorescent tube lighting apparatus or the like.

Further, the fluorescent tube lighting apparatus of the presentinvention is characterized by using as a for the means above “inductivecoupling between windings”, in the case of (1): direct coupling,coupling via transformer, proximity coupling of parallel coils, or thelike; and in the case of (2): coupling via transformer, proximitycoupling of parallel coils, transformed coupling, or simple proximitycoupling.

According to any of the configurations of the above fluorescent tubelighting apparatus it is possible to synchronize the driving of thefluorescent tube lighting apparatus, thus enabling the elimination ofnoise and flicker and the like of the fluorescent tube lightingapparatus.

This type of fluorescent tube lighting apparatus is very suitable foruse in a location requiring uniform brightness over an entire area, suchas, for example, in a backlight apparatus lighting a liquid crystalpanel of a translucent liquid crystal display.

Therefore, according to the present invention there is provided abacklight apparatus characterized by comprising any of the abovefluorescent tube lighting apparatuses, a reflector plate disposed facinga fluorescent tube comprised by the fluorescent tube lighting apparatusthat reflects light emitted by the fluorescent tube to the fluorescenttube side, and a light diffuser disposed facing the side of thefluorescent tube opposite the side on which the reflector plate isdisposed. Alternatively, there is provided a backlight apparatuscharacterized by comprising any of the above fluorescent tube lightingapparatuses and a light-guiding plate that converts light emitted by afluorescent tube comprised by the fluorescent tube lighting apparatusinto planar light. By employing such a configuration the brightness atboth ends of a fluorescent tube becomes constant, thus enabling theprovision of a backlight apparatus emitting planar light of a moreuniform brightness.

When using this kind of backlight apparatus in a liquid crystal display,a liquid crystal display having favorable image quality can be providedbased on the uniform brightness of the backlight apparatus. Therefore,according to the present invention there is provided a liquid crystaldisplay characterized by comprising a liquid crystal panel disposed on aside opposite the side of a light diffuser of a backlight apparatus onwhich a fluorescent tube is disposed, wherein the liquid crystal panelchanges the transmittance of light emitted from the backlight apparatusto display a specified image.

Further, according to the present invention there is provided a liquidcrystal display characterized by comprising a liquid crystal paneldisposed facing a surface of a light-guiding plate of a backlightapparatus that emits planar light, wherein the liquid crystal panelchanges the transmittance of light to display a specified image.

By employing such configurations, since uniform planar luminescence isprovided from the backlight apparatus, the brightness over the entiredisplay screen can be equalized, and based thereon a liquid crystaldisplay having high image quality can be provided.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIGS. 1 a to 1 e are circuit diagrams of the fluorescent tube lightingapparatus of the first embodiment of the present invention.

FIGS. 2 a to 2 d are circuit diagrams of the fluorescent tube lightingapparatus of the second embodiment of the present invention.

FIGS. 3 a to 3 e are circuit diagrams of the fluorescent tube lightingapparatus of the third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram of the fluorescent tube lighting apparatusof the fourth embodiment of the present invention.

FIGS. 5 a to 5 d are circuit diagrams of the fluorescent tube lightingapparatus of the fifth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 illustrates an example of connections of a fluorescent tubelighting apparatus having a plurality of the fluorescent tube lightingapparatus of the present invention juxtaposed in sequence.

FIG. 7 is a front elevation of the backlight apparatus of the sixthembodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a cross section of the backlight apparatus of the sixthembodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a front elevation of the backlight apparatus of the seventhembodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a cross section of the backlight apparatus of the seventhembodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a cross section of the liquid crystal display of the eightembodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a cross section of the liquid crystal display of the ninthembodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 13 is an example of a circuit diagram of a conventional fluorescenttube lighting apparatus.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

This patent application includes all of the contents as disclosed inJapanese Patent Application No. 2002-228595, which is the basicapplication that is a priority document of the present application, andmatters disclosed in the above patent application shall constitute apart of the contents of the present patent application.

The term “inverter transformer” in this specification is used with themeaning corresponding to the term “voltage transformer” in the abovebasic application. More specifically, in the basic application the term“voltage transformer” is used with the meaning of a so-called inverterthat converts direct current into alternating current, and also includesthe meaning of step-up and step-down conversion in the respect ofconverting from alternating current of a primary side to alternatingcurrent of a secondary side. In the present specification, the term“inverter transformer” also includes the meaning of a voltagetransformer wherein the turns ratio of the primary side and secondaryside are made different.

Further, the term “higher-order winding” means a winding fortransforming voltage (includes step-up and step-down) other than aprimary winding, and includes a secondary winding, tertiary winding,feedback winding and the like. In addition, a higher-order winding usedin self-excited oscillation on the primary side means a feedback windingor a higher-order winding other than a primary or secondary winding usedfor self-excited oscillation, and for example, includes any tertiarywinding. Also, for example, the term “tertiary winding not used inself-excited oscillation” means a tertiary winding for non self-excitedoscillation use.

Embodiments relating to the inverter circuit of the present inventionwill now be described referring to the drawings. Hereunder, afluorescent tube is taken as an example of a driven unit that is drivenby an inverter circuit, and embodiments in a case of using the invertercircuit of the present invention in a fluorescent tube driving apparatusthat drives the fluorescent tube are described based on FIGS. 1 to 5.

First, a fluorescent tube lighting apparatus according to the firstembodiment of the present invention will be described referring to FIGS.1( a) to 1(e). FIG. 1( a) illustrates an example of the circuitry of theprincipal part of the fluorescent tube lighting apparatus according tothe present embodiment. As shown in FIG. 1( a), inverter circuits A andB are configured with two inverter transformers 2 and 5, or 3 and 4 asone set, and are respectively provided at the two ends of twofluorescent tubes 15 and 16 as driven units. The circuitry comprises aconfiguration (LN) whereby, of the inverter transformers 2 and 5, or 3and 4 that are respectively connected to the two ends of fluorescenttube 15 or 16, the two ends of feedback windings of the step-uptransformers not used in self-excited oscillation are connected to eachother.

The principal components of the apparatus shown in FIG. 1( a) are twoinverter circuits A and B, and two fluorescent tubes 15 and 16. Further,inverter circuits A and B comprise a direct current power supply inputterminal 1 (1 a, 1 b), inverter transformers 2 to 5, choke coils 6 and7, transistors 8 to 11, resonance capacitors 12 and 13, a capacitor as afilter 14, and so forth. Of these components, inverter transformers 2 to5 are composed of primary windings L1 and L1′ constituting one part ofan oscillation circuit, secondary windings L2 (L2-1 to L2-2′) supplyinghigh voltage to the fluorescent tubes, and tertiary windings L3-2 andL3-2′ that are capable of switching transistors 8 to 11.

Next, the respective operating principles of inverter circuits A and Bshown in FIG. 1( a) will be described taking inverter circuit A as anexample. In general, the purpose of an inverter circuit for afluorescent tube is to supply alternating current (a frequency of, forexample, several 10s of Hz to several 10s of kHz) of high voltage (forexample, several 100s to several 1000s of volts) to the fluorescenttube. Therefore, in order to first convert direct voltage input frominput terminal 1 a into alternating voltage, an oscillation circuit(constituted by transformers 2 and 3, choke coil 6, and resonancecapacitor 12) is provided to convert the direct current into alternatingcurrent. The frequency thereof is chiefly determined by the maininductance of transformers 2 and 3 and each constant of choke coil 6 andresonance capacitor 12 and the like.

Conversion of input voltage to a high voltage can be performed by meansof inverter transformers 2 and 3. More specifically, by making the turnsratio of the secondary winding L2 relative to the primary winding L1 ofeach inverter transformer several tenfold to several hundredfold it ispossible to convert a voltage of several dozen volts into severalhundred to several thousand volts in the secondary winding.

Further, in order to control the direction of current flowing throughthe primary winding side by means of transistors 8 and 9, invertertransformers 2 and 3 are provided with a tertiary winding L3. That is,the voltage is suitably transformed down by means of the turns ratio oftertiary winding L3 with respect to secondary winding L2, so thatappropriate voltages can be applied alternately on the side of the basesof transistors 8 and 9. Thus, by means of alternating voltage waveformsof about several volts generated in the tertiary windings, transistors 8and 9 alternately repeat an ON/OFF state to enable stable driving ofinverter circuit A. Also, in a case of using a plurality of invertertransformers in a single inverter circuit, the use of one tertiarywinding is normally sufficient.

The above describes the general driving principle of the invertercircuit. A driving system of an inverter circuit in which a meansimparting a switching action to transistors 8 and 9 is supplied by meansof tertiary windings L3-2 and L3-2′ of the inverter transformer in thismanner is commonly referred to as “self-excitation”. (Hereunder, todistinguish between a tertiary winding actually performing this type offunction and a tertiary winding not performing this function the terms“tertiary winding used in self-excited oscillation” and “tertiarywinding not used in self-excited oscillation” are employed.)

The configuration of the fluorescent tube lighting apparatus accordingto the present invention is as follows. In the inverter circuit havingtwo fluorescent tubes shown in FIG. 1( a), for example, regardingfluorescent tube 15, the primary winding of transformer 2 and theprimary winding of transformer 4 are in opposite phase, while thesecondary winding of transformer 2 and the secondary winding oftransformer 5 are in phase. Regarding fluorescent tube 16 that isdisposed together with fluorescent tube 15, the primary winding oftransformer 3 and the primary winding of transformer 5 are in oppositephase, while the secondary winding of transformer 3 and the secondarywinding of transformer 4 are in phase. In addition, the tertiarywindings not used in self-excited oscillation are indirectly connectedso that transformers 3 and 4, or 2 and 5 come to be in opposite phaserelative to each other.

More specifically, in the above relationship, of the primary windingsand secondary windings of the two transformers 3 and 4 connected to thetwo ends of one fluorescent tube, either of the windings are in phaseand the other of the windings are in opposite phase relative to eachother, and when the inverter circuits are indirectly connected to eachother using tertiary windings not used in self-excited oscillation, thetertiary windings are indirectly connected so as to synchronizeinverters A and B in phase, so that alternating voltages applied to thetwo ends of the fluorescent tube are in opposite phase with respect toeach other.

As shown in FIG. 1( a), the fluorescent tube lighting apparatusaccording to the first embodiment of the present invention ischaracterized by having, in the two inverter circuits A and B connectedto the respective two ends of fluorescent tubes 15 and 16, aconfiguration (LN) that connects together the tertiary windings not usedin self-excited oscillation that are provided in each of invertercircuits A and B. Thus, electrical coupling is not formed betweeninverter circuits A and B, and the circuits can be made to function soas to attune each other's phases by means of an induction effect betweensecondary windings L2 and tertiary windings L3-1 and L3-1′ of invertertransformers 2 and 4. Accordingly, it is possible to “indirectlyconnect” inverter circuits A and B by means of an induction effect.

Regarding the connection to fluorescent tubes 15 and 16, from each ofinverter circuits A and B one terminal of the secondary windings L2 ofthe inverter transformers may be tapped and connected, so that voltagesapplied respectively to the two ends of fluorescent tubes 15 and 16 arein an opposite phase relationship with each other.

According to the above circuitry, since the alternating currentwaveforms have no waveform distortion and sufficient high voltage can beapplied to fluorescent tubes 15 and 16, the fluorescent tubes can bedriven stably. Further, the luminous efficiency with respect to thepower of the fluorescent tubes can also be improved by approximately 10percent compared to a case of driving one fluorescent tube using oneinverter transformer.

Regarding the method for indirectly connecting the inverter circuits, asillustrated in the dotted line part M of FIG. 1( b), a configurationthat directly connects together windings not used for self-excitedoscillation is a simple and easy method since it can be implementedwithout increasing the number of component parts, however the “indirectconnection method” according to the present embodiment is not limited tothe method shown in FIG. 1( b). Other methods, that can be used indotted line part M include, as shown in FIG. 1( c), a configurationinvolving coupling through a transformer to utilize the induction effectthereof (coupling via transformer), or as shown in FIG. 1( d), aconfiguration in which coils CL1 and CL2 that are connected in parallelto tertiary windings not used in self-excited oscillation are disposedin proximity to each other (coil proximity). These configurations arealso included in the scope of the present invention.

Further, the method of indirectly connecting the inverter circuits maybe one using a connection that is either in-phase or in opposite phase,as long as the configuration is such that voltages of opposite phasesrelative to each other are applied at the two ends of the fluorescenttubes. However, taking into consideration commonality of electroniccomponents and circuit design such as the wiring patterns of inverterboards, or the influences of measures to counter electrical or magneticnoise of transformers, a connection that is in opposite phase ispreferable since the above effect can be obtained thereby and suchinfluences can also be decreased.

If high voltage alternating voltages applied respectively to fluorescenttubes 15 and 16 are in opposite phase to each other, radiant noiseoriginating from each of the fluorescent tubes can cancel each otherout, thus enabling noise reduction. The above-described principles applyeven when the number of driven fluorescent tubes is greater than two,and such cases are also within the scope of the present invention.

Regarding the method of connecting the inverter transformers tofluorescent tubes 15 and 16, for example, in a case where fluorescenttube 15 is connected via inverter transformers 2 and 4 and fluorescenttube 16 is connected via inverter transformers 3 and 5, there are caseswhere even though the specifications and performance of the twofluorescent tubes 15 and 16 are the same, the brightness of each isdifferent. This is because fluorescent tube 15 is connected by means ofinverter transformers having tertiary windings L3-1 and L3-1′ not usedin self-excited oscillation, while fluorescent tube 16 is connected bymeans of inverter transformers having tertiary windings L3-2 and L3-2′used in self-excited oscillation. More specifically, since the powerapplied to the inverter transformer differs according to whether or notthe tertiary winding thereof is used in self-excited oscillation, thepower applied respectively to fluorescent tubes 15 and 16 may sometimesdiffer.

Therefore, according to the present embodiment, by employing thefollowing combinations of fluorescent tubes 15 and 16 and invertertransformers 2, 5, 3, and 4 connected to both ends of the tubes, amethod is enabled that equalizes the power applied to the twofluorescent tubes 15 and 16. That is, as shown in FIG. 1( a), one of theterminals of fluorescent tube 15 is connected to secondary winding L2-1of inverter transformer 2 having a tertiary winding L3-1 not used inself-excited oscillation of inverter circuit A, while the other terminalof fluorescent tube 15 is connected to secondary winding L2-1′ ofinverter transformer 5 having a tertiary winding L3-2′ used inself-excited oscillation of inverter circuit B. Likewise, a similarcombination with the inverter transformers is provided for fluorescenttube 16 (refer to FIG. 1 (a)).

By selecting the combination of fluorescent tubes 15 and 16 and twoinverter transformers as described above, the powers applied to the twofluorescent tubes 15 and 16 are adjusted in directions whereby theybecome equal. Accordingly, if the two fluorescent tubes are of the samespecification and performance, the brightness will be roughly equal, andtherefore, when using a fluorescent tube lighting apparatus according tothe present embodiment to illuminate a backlight apparatus, for example,inconsistencies in brightness can be improved.

Further, the fluorescent tube lighting apparatus according to thepresent embodiment enables the indirect connection of inverter circuits,and furthermore, it can also make it possible for the noise of one ofthe inverter circuits to be easily propagated to the other invertercircuit. For example, when employing a means for dimming according to aduty dimming system, ripple noise emitted at activation of one of theinverter circuits is propagated to the other inverter circuit, and thusripple noise of a higher voltage and higher current can be produced.

Therefore, in the fluorescent tube lighting apparatus according to thepresent embodiment, it is preferable that the number of turns of atertiary winding not used in self-excited oscillation be made less thanthe number of turns of a tertiary winding used in self-excitedoscillation. In a tertiary winding used in self-excited oscillation,normally, it is necessary to generate alternating electromotive force ofabout several volts at a maximum so that a base (or gate) of atransistor enters an ON state. However, in a tertiary winding not usedin self-excited oscillation it is not necessary to generate such a largeelectromotive force, and if the number of turns is even about 0.5 turnsthe function thereof can be fulfilled. It is possible to fabricate thisnumber of turns even with current transformer design technology, and itis thus sufficiently possible to fulfill the function of indirectlyconnecting inverter circuits. Furthermore, since this method allows thevoltage applied to tertiary windings L3-1 and L3-2′ to be a low voltage,it is also effective as a method of decreasing the power applied totertiary windings L3-1 and L3-1′ of the inverter transformers. Thus, itbecomes possible to suppress voltage or current noise that can begenerated within the fluorescent tube lighting apparatus to a minimum,and at the same time, power applied to an indirect connection betweenthe inverter circuits can also be minimized.

In addition, regarding the inverter circuits, as described above thereare cases where noise is also generated within the circuit itself, andin particular it is possible that magnetic fields originating frominverter transformers 2 to 5 may impart adverse effects arising fromnoise to other electronic components (such as a liquid crystal panel).

Therefore, the fluorescent tube lighting apparatus according to thepresent embodiment is characterized in that, in order to control noiseoriginating in each of inverter circuits A and B, the outputs ofsecondary windings L2 of two inverter transformers 2 and 3 are made tobe in opposite phase to each other. Specifically, for FIG. 1( a), amethod is conceivable whereby the primary windings L1 of invertertransformers 2 and 3 that are connected in parallel are wound in reversewith respect to each other, the two terminals of primary winding L1 areswitched with each other and connected, or the secondary windings arewound in reverse with respect to each other.

As described above, according to the fluorescent tube lighting apparatusof the present embodiment, because it is also possible to reduce noiseimparted by one inverter circuit to the other inverter circuit, thenoise of the overall fluorescent tube lighting apparatus is reduced, andthus adverse effects of noise and the like imparted to other electroniccomponents are also lessened. There are no particular limitingconditions regarding the specifications of inverter transformers in thepresent embodiment, for example, the embodiment does not limit thedesign of a core, such as to a closed magnetic type or open magnetictype.

The inverter circuit illustrated in FIG. 1( a) is merely the basicconfiguration, and an inverter circuit to which a number ofmodifications or improvements have been added with respect to thepresent embodiment will fulfill a similar function. For example, a casewhere additional functions such as a dimming circuit or a circuit todetect errors accompanying a lamp failure or the like have been added,or a case of an inverter circuit provided with a modification wherebyone only of the base terminals of transistors 8 and 9 is connected toinput terminal 1 to reduce oscillation noise at the time of dimming arealso within the scope of the present invention.

Next, a fluorescent tube lighting apparatus according to a modifiedexample of the present embodiment will be described referring to FIG. 1(e). FIG. 1( e) shows a configuration example for a case using 1-input,2-output inverter transformers (hereafter, referred to as a “2-in-1transformer”) in a fluorescent tube lighting apparatus. Invertertransformers 2 and 3 each have two tertiary windings, with one thereofbeing used as a tertiary winding used in self-excited oscillation L3-2and L3-2′ and the other being used as a tertiary winding not used inself-excited oscillation L3-1 and L3-1′.

As shown in FIG. 1( e), the principal components of the fluorescent tubelighting apparatus according to the modified example of the presentembodiment are two inverter circuits A and B and fluorescent tubes 15and 16. Inverter circuits A and B comprise a direct current power supplyinput terminal 1 (1 a, 1 b), inverter transformers 2 and 3, choke coils6 and 7, transistors 8 to 11, resonance capacitors 12 and 13, and acapacitor as a filter 14. Of these components, inverter transformers 2and 3 are configured to include primary windings L1 and L1′, twosecondary windings L2-1, L2-1′, L2-2, and L2-2′, and two tertiarywindings L3-1 and L3-2 (L3-1′ and L3-2′). The fluorescent tube lightingapparatus according to the present modified example uses L3-2 and L3-2′as tertiary windings used in self-excited oscillation and L3-1 and L3-1′as tertiary windings not used in self-excited oscillation.

A fluorescent tube lighting apparatus having this type of configurationhas similar advantages to that of the configuration of the fluorescenttube lighting apparatus shown in FIG. 1( a).

According to the above circuitry, since the alternating currentwaveforms have no waveform distortion and sufficient high voltage can beapplied to fluorescent tubes 15 and 16, the fluorescent tubes can bedriven stably.

Further, according to the fluorescent tube lighting apparatus of thepresent embodiment, for example, by making the number of turns of thetertiary windings not used in self-excited oscillation L3-1 and L3-1′ ofinverter transformers 2 and 3 less than the number of turns of thetertiary winding used in self-excited oscillation L3-2 and L3-2′, it isalso possible to reduce the noise imparted by one inverter circuit tothe other inverter circuit. In addition, by designing the two secondarywindings L2-1 and L2-2 of each of inverter transformers 2 and 3 so as tohave reverse winding with respect to each other, radiant noiseoriginating in fluorescent tubes 15 and 16 driven in opposite phaserelative to each other cancel each other out to reduce the noise of theoverall fluorescent tube lighting apparatus, and thus the adverseeffects of noise and the like imparted to other electronic components isalso lessened.

As a method for indirectly connecting the inverter circuits, similarlyto the case of FIG. 1( a), a configuration that directly connectstogether windings not used for self-excited oscillation, as illustratedin the dotted line part M of FIG. 1( b), is a simple and easy methodsince it can be implemented without increasing the number of componentparts, however the “indirect connection method” according to thisembodiment is not limited to the method shown in FIG. 1( b). Othermethods that can be used in dotted line part M include, a configurationinvolving coupling through a transformer to utilize the induction effectthereof, as shown in FIG. 1( c), or a configuration in which coils CL1and CL2 that are connected in parallel to tertiary windings not used inself-excited oscillation are disposed in proximity to each other, asshown in FIG. 1( d). These configurations are also included in the scopeof the present invention.

In the present embodiment, two tertiary windings L3-1 and L3-2 areprovided in one inverter transformer, however the number of suchwindings is not limited to two, and three or more may be provided asnecessary. (For details, refer to the fifth embodiment (FIG. 5( c)).

Next, a fluorescent tube lighting apparatus according to the secondembodiment of the present invention will be described referring to FIGS.2( a) to 2(d).

FIG. 2( a) shows the principal circuit diagram of the second embodimentof the fluorescent tube lighting apparatus of the present invention. Thetransformers employed in the inverter transformers are 2-in-1transformers, and in order to apply voltages of opposite phases relativeto each other to the two ends of the fluorescent tubes, the two ends ofthe tubes are respectively connected to one end of an invertertransformer. Furthermore, with respect to the tertiary winding used inself-excited oscillation of each inverter circuit, by connecting thewindings to each other by means of coils or the like respectivelyprovided in parallel, the two inverter circuits are indirectlyconnected.

The principal components of FIG. 2( a) are two inverter circuits A and Band fluorescent tubes 15 and 16. Inverter circuits A and B comprise adirect current power supply input terminal 1 a, 2-in-1 invertertransformers 2 and 3, choke coils 5 and 6, transistors 8, 9, 8′, and 9′,resonance capacitors 11 and 12, a capacitor as a filter 14, and soforth. Of these, inverter transformers 2 and 3 comprise primary windingsL1 and L1′, secondary windings L2-1, L2-1′, L2-2, and L2-2′, andtertiary windings L3-1, L3-1′, L3-2 and L3-2′. Further, in the presentembodiment L3-2 and L3-2′ are used as tertiary windings used inself-excited oscillation.

In the fluorescent tube lighting apparatus according to the presentembodiment, as a means for indirectly coupling inverter circuit A and B,several embodiments may be mentioned as examples of the configurationwithin the dotted line part M. This embodiment is characterized in thattwo terminals tapped from each of the tertiary windings used inself-excited oscillation L3-2 and L3-2′ of inverter circuit A and B areconnected in parallel via coils or a transformer. An example of a morespecific configuration includes, as shown in FIG. 2( b), a configurationin which connection is performed via two windings L4 and L4′ of atransformer (coupling via transformer) within dotted line part M.

Further, as shown in FIG. 2( c), a configuration connecting via twotransformers can also be employed. The advantages of utilizing twotransformers as shown in FIG. 2( c) will be explained taking as anexample a straight-tube type fluorescent light that extends linearly. Inthe case of employing only one transformer, as in FIG. 2( b), atransformer is equipped in only one of inverters A and B, and becausethe power of inverter A and that of inverter B do not become equal, adifference in brightness is liable to be generated between both ends ofthe fluorescent tube. However, by utilizing two transformers as shown inFIG. 2( c), inverters A and B can be provided with one transformer each,and thus power can be allocated equally to both inverter circuits A andB, enabling the balance of brightness of the right and left of thefluorescent tube to be maintained. In addition, in the two transformersaccording to the present embodiment, by making the number of turns ofwindings L5 and L5′ of the output sides less than the number of turns ofwindings L4 and L4′ of the input sides, an action works to lower thevoltage applied to the output windings L5 and L5′ (FIG. 2( c)). Thisenables the minimization of excess noise components among voltagecomponents carried in each of inverter circuits A and B. Further, byemploying a configuration whereby any one of windings L4, L5, L4′, andL5′ of the input sides and output sides is wound in reverse with respectto the other winding, noise components originating in each transformercancel each other out, making it possible to stably oscillate each ofinverter circuits A and B.

Further, as shown in FIG. 2( d), the windings for self-excitedoscillation of inverter transformers 2 and 3 may be respectivelyconnected in parallel to coils CL4 and CL4′, and the coils CL4 and CL4′may be simply disposed in proximity to each other (coil proximity).According to this configuration also, the voltage phases of inducedelectromotive forces applied to coils CL4 and CL4′ are attuned bymagnetic fields originating from the core of each of coils CL4 and CL4′,and because the alternating currents applied to the two ends of thefluorescent tube drive in opposite phase with respect to each other, aswith the fluorescent tube lighting apparatus according to the firstembodiment, driving of both ends of the fluorescent tube is enabled.

In a case where it is desired to drive inverter circuits A and B inopposite phase to each other, as shown in FIG. 2( b), a winding (L4 orL4′) connected in parallel to the tertiary winding used in self-excitedoscillation of each may be connected by reverse winding. Thereby, it ispossible to simply drive both ends while achieving commonality of thecomponent configurations and wiring patterns of inverter circuits A andB

Furthermore, similarly to the fluorescent tube lighting apparatusaccording to the first embodiment of the present invention, it is alsopossible to configure the circuits so that the two outputs of theinverter transformer inside each inverter circuit are in opposite phasewith respect to each other. In addition, a case where a 1-in-1transformer is employed as the inverter transformer is also within thescope of the present invention. In such case, the inverter transformersconnecting to both ends of the fluorescent tube can be a combinationbetween one having a tertiary winding used in self-excited oscillationand one having a tertiary winding not used in self-excited oscillation.By adopting such a configuration, the same effect can be exerted as thecase of the fluorescent tube lighting apparatus according to the abovefirst embodiment.

Next, a fluorescent tube lighting apparatus according to the thirdembodiment of the present invention will be explained referring to thedrawings. FIG. 3( a) illustrates an example of the configuration of thefluorescent tube lighting apparatus according to the present embodiment.The configuration shown in FIG. 3( a) is characterized by having, as ameans for synchronization of two inverter circuits A and B, a firstconfiguration wherein choke coils (not shown in the figure) providedbetween input terminal 1 a and each of center taps CT1 and CT2 tappedfrom each of primary windings L1 and L1′ are indirectly connectedtogether and the indirect connection is configured so that inverters Aand B are driven in opposite phase relative to each other, and a secondconfiguration wherein secondary windings L2-1 and L2-1′, and L2-2 andL2-2′ within inverter circuits A and B are respectively wound in reversewith respect to each other. Thus, the magnetic fields of the cores arecancelled out.

By comprising the above first configuration in the fluorescent tubelighting apparatus according to the present embodiment, voltages appliedto the two ends of a fluorescent tube can be made to have oppositephases to each other without increasing the number of components (simpleconfiguration). Further, by comprising the above second configuration,magnetic fields generated in the cores are eliminated. Thus, noisewithin the inverter circuits can be reduced.

For a fluorescent tube lighting apparatus according to othermodification examples of the present embodiment, four configurationexamples can be mentioned for the configuration within dotted line partM as a means for indirectly coupling inverter circuits A and B. Thesefour configuration examples are characterized by comprising, as a meansfor synchronization of inverter circuits A and B, a configuration thatindirectly connects together the choke coils for each center tap so thatthey can be mutually associated to enable synchronization.

More specifically, an example of an indirect connection configuration isone having a coil proximity type configuration achieved by disposingcoils CL1 and CL2 in proximity to each other inside dotted line part M,as shown in FIG. 3( b) (coil proximity type). Further, as shown in FIG.3( c), a configuration involving a transformer that indirectly connectsthe inverter circuits via a transformer is also possible. According tothis configuration, the number of components can be decreased from theconfiguration in FIG. 3( b) having two coils to a configuration havingone transformer. In addition, as shown in FIG. 3( d), a configurationconnecting the inverter circuits via two transformers T1 and T2 is alsopossible. The configuration shown in FIG. 3( d) (coupling viatransformers) offers an advantage, for example, in a case in whichinverter circuits A and B are disposed at a distance from each other inorder to light a straight-tube type fluorescent tube, where if either ofinverters A and B is provided with one transformer the power balancebetween the two inverters will be lost and brightness at the two ends ofthe fluorescent tube will not become equal. In such a case, by using twotransformers to provide one transformer in each of the two inverters itis possible to allocate power equally to the two inverter circuits A andB, and the balance in brightness between the right and left sides of thefluorescent tube can be maintained. Accordingly, the configuration shownin FIG. 3 (d) represents the technical effect thereof in the case ofdriving both ends of a straight-tube type light that extends linearly.

Further, regarding the two transformers according to the presentembodiment, by making the number of turns of winding L5′ of the outputside less than the number of turns of winding L4′ of the input side, anaction takes effect to lower the voltage applied to the output windingL5′, enabling the minimization of excess noise components among voltagecomponents carried to the two inverter circuits A and B. In addition, byemploying a configuration such that the windings between the input sidesand output sides are wound in reverse with respect to each other, noisecomponents originating in each of the transformers cancel each otherout, making it possible to stably oscillate both of inverter circuits Aand B.

Further, with the type of configuration shown in FIG. 3( e), it ispossible to decrease the windings used in indirect connection andperform coupling by weak inductive coupling. In the configuration shownin FIG. 3( e), two windings CL31 and CL41 form a pair to constitute atransformer. By adopting this configuration, synchronization can beperformed while minimizing noise generated in each of the invertercircuits.

The method of indirectly connecting the inverter circuits may be anopposite phase method or in-phase method, as long as the configurationis one applying voltages of opposite phases to the two ends of thefluorescent tube, and such methods are included in the scope of thepresent invention.

Next, a fluorescent tube lighting apparatus according to the fourthembodiment of the present invention will be described referring to thedrawings. FIG. 4 illustrates a configuration example of the fluorescenttube lighting apparatus according to the present embodiment for a caseusing 2-in-1 transformers. As shown in FIG. 4, the fluorescent tubelighting apparatus according to the present embodiment has aconfiguration indirectly connecting inverter A and inverter B viastep-down transformers 3 and 5 having primary windings L1′ and L3′.

In both inverter A and B, the primary windings L1′ and L3′ of step-downtransformers 3 and 5 in which the voltage from the secondary windings ismade less than the voltage of the primary windings are respectivelyconnected in parallel to primary windings L1 and L3 of the invertertransformers (step-up transformers). Transformers 3 and 5 are comprisedof primary windings L1′ and L3′ and secondary windings L2-2 and L2-2′ tolower the voltage from each of the primary windings. The embodiment ischaracterized in that the secondary windings L2-2 and L2-2′ areconnected to each other indirectly or directly.

In the fluorescent tube lighting apparatus according to the presentembodiment, as a means for indirect connection, transformers comprisingone part of oscillation circuits respectively tapped from each ofinverter circuits A and B are indirectly connected via secondarywindings L2-2 and L2-2′ of transformers 3 and 5 having primary windingsL1′ and L3′. More specifically, a configuration is employed whereby thesecondary windings L2-2 and L2-2′ of the transformers 3 and 5 havingprimary windings L1′ and L3′ are connected such that the phases ofinverter circuits A and B are inverted with respect to each other. Thatis, the present modification example is characterized in that secondarywindings of a transformer, that are essentially a means to be connectedto both ends of a fluorescent tube to boost voltage, are not used in thepower supply of the fluorescent tube, and are used for indirectconnection.

By employing the above configuration, in each of primary windings L1′and L3′ of step-down transformers 3 and 5, similarly to primary windingsL1 and L3 of step-up transformers 2 and 4, the direction of currentflowing from center taps CT1′ and CT2′ continually fluctuates accordingto the switching conditions of transistors 8-11, and by fluctuations ofthe magnetic flux of the cores of the transformers produced as a resultthereof, alternating voltage waveforms are generated in secondarywindings L2-2 and L2-2′ of step-down transformers 3 and 5. Thus, bycoupling together these two secondary windings as shown in FIG. 4, thephases of the inverter circuits are synchronized in opposite phase withrespect to each other and high voltages of opposite phases are generatedin secondary windings L2-1 and L2-1′ of step-up transformers 2 and 4.Therefore, by connecting these two terminals to the two ends offluorescent tube 15 it is possible to drive fluorescent tube 15 at astable frequency. The same principle applies also for fluorescent tube16.

According to the above configuration, since operation is performed suchthat the direction of current flowing via center tap CT1 in primarywinding L1 of step-up transformer 2 is opposite to the direction ofcurrent flowing via center tap CT2 in primary winding L3 of step-uptransformer 4, alternating currents of opposite phases with respect toeach other can be generated between secondary winding L2-1 of step-uptransformer 2 and secondary winding L2-1′ of step-up transformer 4 thatare wound in phase, without producing a distortion in the voltagewaveforms thereof.

Therefore, when providing a pair of inverter circuits at the two ends offluorescent tubes 15 and 16 and driving the fluorescent tubes inparallel, because voltages generated in the secondary windings of eachinverter circuit connected to the fluorescent tubes can be synchronizedin opposite phase with respect to each other, differential voltages canbe applied at an equal size at both ends of each fluorescent tube, andthus brightness can be equalized even for a fluorescent tube that islong in length.

In the above example, secondary windings are used to connect thestep-down transformers together, however the step-down transformers maybe further provided with a feedback winding (tertiary winding), and thefeedback windings connected together.

A method to couple together the secondary windings of step-downtransformers 3 and 5 is, as described above, not limited to a directconnection, and coupling may be performed via a coil or transformer orthe like, and such methods belong within the scope of the presentinvention.

Further, the method of indirectly connecting the inverter circuits mayinvolve a connection that is either in-phase or in opposite phase, aslong as the configuration is one whereby voltages of opposite phasesrelative to each other are applied to the two ends of the fluorescenttubes, and such methods are included in the scope of the presentinvention.

Next, a fluorescent tube lighting apparatus according to the fifthembodiment of the present invention will be explained referring todrawings 5(a) to 5(d). The fluorescent tube lighting apparatus accordingto the present embodiment is characterized by having a firstconfiguration using a means for indirect connection of inverter circuitsat both ends of a fluorescent tube and a second configuration using ameans for indirect connection of fluorescent tube lighting apparatuses.

In the fluorescent tube lighting apparatus illustrated in FIG. 5( a),the above first and second configurations are as follows. That is, thefirst configuration as a means for indirect connection between invertercircuits at two ends of a fluorescent tube refers to a means LN1 or LN2that connects a transformer 71 or 73 having a winding connected inparallel to a tertiary winding used in self-excited oscillation of aninverter circuit A or B with a transformer 75 or 77 having a windingsimilarly connected in parallel to a tertiary winding used inself-excited oscillation of an inverter circuit C or D, by means of awinding disposed facing the aforementioned winding. Meanwhile, thesecond configuration using a means for indirect connection offluorescent tube lighting apparatuses comprises at least one of either ameans LN3 connecting together the two ends of tertiary windings not usedin self-excited oscillation of inverter circuits A and B, and a meansLN4 connecting together the two ends of tertiary windings not used inself-excited oscillation of inverter circuits C and D.

Regarding the connection method of LN1 or LN2 of the above firstconfiguration, the connection may be such that driving is performedwhereby the phases of inverter circuits A and C, or B and D are eitherin phase or in opposite phase relative to each other, as long as theyare connected such that the voltages applied to the two ends of each offluorescent tubes 51-54 are in opposite phases relative to each other.

Regarding the connection method of LN3 or LN4 of the above secondconfiguration also, the connection may be such that driving is performedwhereby the phases of inverter circuits A and B are either in phase orin opposite phase relative to each other, and it is preferable that theconnection is such that the phases of alternating voltages applied tofluorescent tubes 51 to 54 are inverted per single fluorescent tube orper the number of fluorescent tubes of a single fluorescent tubelighting apparatus. More specifically, for example, in a case where thephases of alternating voltages applied to fluorescent tubes 51 and 52that are inside a single fluorescent tube lighting apparatus areopposite relative to each other, if means for indirect connection LN3 orLN4 is connected so that inverter circuits A and B, or C and D aredriven in phase, the phases of alternating voltages applied tofluorescent tubes 51 to 54 are always inverted per single fluorescenttube. Conversely, when the phases of alternating voltages applied tofluorescent tubes 51 and 52 that are inside a single fluorescent tubelighting apparatus are in phase with each other, if means for indirectconnection LN3 or LN4 is connected so that inverter circuits A and B, orC and D are driven in opposite phase, the phases of alternating voltagesapplied to fluorescent tubes 51 to 54 are inverted per two fluorescenttubes, in other words, the phases are inverted per the number offluorescent tubes of a single fluorescent tube lighting apparatus. Byinverting the phases of alternating voltages applied to fluorescenttubes per single fluorescent tube or per the number of fluorescent tubesof a single fluorescent tube lighting apparatus in this manner, it ispossible to balance out unwanted radiant noise generated from thefluorescent tubes, so that a fluorescent tube lighting apparatus withlow noise can be provided.

As a specific method for sequentially inverting the phases ofalternating voltages applied to fluorescent tubes, in addition to theabove method, a method is also possible whereby a connection terminal toa fluorescent tube of a secondary winding of a transformer and a groundterminal are interchanged sequentially for each secondary winding.Accordingly, for the above means for inverting the phases of fluorescenttubes, a method wherein the two secondary windings L2-1 and L2-2 of eachinverter circuit A to D are wound in reverse with respect to each otheris not always necessary, and a method whereby the windings are wound inthe same direction may be used, and such method is included in the scopeof the present invention.

Regarding these means for indirect connection LN1 to LN4, as long as oneof the means for indirect connection is provided a problem does notarise if any of the others is lacking since inverter circuits A to D canbe synchronized, and a configuration may be employed that as necessarycomprises all four connection means, such as to reinforcesynchronization between the inverter circuits.

According to the fluorescent tube lighting apparatus having the aboveconfiguration, for example, since it is also possible to reduce noisetraveling to a liquid crystal panel from a fluorescent tube, the scopeof application and effects thereof are widened and increased stillfurther.

Next, a fluorescent tube lighting apparatus according to a firstmodification example of the present embodiment will be describedreferring to FIG. 5( b). In the fluorescent tube lighting apparatusaccording to the first modification example of the present embodiment, afirst configuration as a means for indirect connection of invertercircuits at both ends of a fluorescent tube refers to a means LN1connecting together the two ends of tertiary windings not used inself-excited oscillation of inverter circuits A and C, and a means LN2connecting together the two ends of tertiary windings not used inself-excited oscillation of inverter circuits B and D. Meanwhile, asecond configuration using a means for indirect connection offluorescent tube lighting apparatuses comprises a means LN3 or LN4 thatconnects a transformer 71 or 75 having a winding connected in parallelto a tertiary winding used in self-excited oscillation of an invertercircuit A or C with a transformer 73 or 77 having a winding similarlyconnected in parallel to a tertiary winding used in self-excitedoscillation of an inverter circuit B or D, by means of a windingdisposed facing the aforementioned winding. More specifically, theconfiguration is one whereby the means of the first configuration andsecond configuration according to the aforementioned original embodiment(FIG. 5( a)) are respectively interchanged. Accordingly, the effectthereof is the same as the effect of the embodiment of FIG. 5( a).

Further, in the present first modification example, as with the previousembodiment a decision regarding whether to have a means for indirectconnection operate in opposite phase or in phase may be taken inaccordance with the inversion circumstances of the phases of alternatingvoltages applied to fluorescent tubes 51 to 54, and a connection meansmay be made to operate either in phase or in opposite phase asappropriate. According to a fluorescent tube lighting apparatus havingthis type of configuration, since unwanted radiant componentsoriginating from the fluorescent tubes can be balanced out between thefluorescent tubes, it is possible to reduce noise traveling from afluorescent light to, for example, a liquid crystal panel.

Regarding these means for indirect connection LN1 to LN4, as long as oneof the means for indirect connection is provided a problem does notarise if any of the others is lacking since inverter circuits A to D canbe synchronized, and a configuration may be employed that, as necessary,comprises all four connection means, such as to reinforcesynchronization between the inverter circuits.

Next, a fluorescent tube lighting apparatus according to a secondmodification example of the present embodiment will be describedreferring to FIG. 5( c). In the fluorescent tube lighting apparatusaccording to the second modification example of the present embodimentthree tertiary windings are provided in the inverter transformers, andsince one of those is used as a tertiary winding used in self-excitedoscillation, the remaining two can be used as tertiary windings not usedin self-excited oscillation. Therefore, both the first configurationthat is a means for indirectly connecting together inverter circuits atboth ends of a fluorescent tube and the second configuration that uses ameans for indirect connection of fluorescent tube lighting apparatusescan use these tertiary windings not used in self-excited oscillation.Accordingly, the first configuration as a means for indirectlyconnecting together inverter circuits at the two ends of a fluorescenttube refers to a means LN1 connecting together the two ends of tertiarywindings not used in self-excited oscillation of inverter circuits A andC, and a means LN2 connecting together the two ends of tertiary windingsnot used in self-excited oscillation of inverter circuits B and D.Meanwhile, the second configuration that uses a means for indirectconnection of fluorescent tube lighting apparatuses comprises a meansLN3 connecting together the two ends of tertiary windings not used inself-excited oscillation of inverter circuits A and B, and a means LN4connecting together the two ends of tertiary windings not used inself-excited oscillation of inverter circuits C and D. Although theabove means are different to those of FIG. 5( a), since the purpose ofeach means for indirect connection is respectively the same as those inFIG. 5( a), the effect is the same as in the embodiment illustrated inFIG. 5( a).

Further, in the present second modification example, as with theprevious embodiment a decision regarding whether to have a means forindirect connection operate in opposite phase or in phase may be takenin accordance with the inversion circumstances of the phases ofalternating voltages applied to fluorescent tubes 51 to 54, and aconnection means may be made to operate either in phase or in oppositephase as appropriate. According to a fluorescent tube lighting apparatushaving this type of configuration, since unwanted radiant componentsoriginating from the fluorescent tubes can be balanced out between thefluorescent tubes, it is possible to reduce noise traveling from afluorescent light to, for example, a liquid crystal panel.

Regarding these means for indirect connection LN1 to LN4, as long as oneof the means for indirect connection is provided a problem does notarise if any of the others is lacking since inverter circuits A to D canbe synchronized, and a configuration may be employed that, as necessary,comprises all four connection means, such as to reinforcesynchronization among the inverter circuits.

Next, a fluorescent tube lighting apparatus according to a thirdmodification example of the present embodiment will be describedreferring to FIG. 5( d). In the fluorescent tube lighting apparatusaccording to the third modification example of the present embodiment,the first configuration as a means for indirectly connecting togetherinverter circuits at the two ends of a fluorescent tube refers to ameans LN1 connecting together the two ends of tertiary windings not usedin self-excited oscillation of inverter circuits A and C, and a meansLN2 connecting together the two ends of tertiary windings not used inself-excited oscillation of inverter circuits B and D. Meanwhile, thesecond configuration that uses a means for indirect connection offluorescent tube lighting apparatuses comprises a means 90 or 90′ thatperforms indirect connection by means of choke coils of invertercircuits A and B, or C and D. Although the above means are different tothose of FIG. 5( a), since the purpose of each indirect connection meansis respectively the same as those in FIG. 5( a) (90 and 90′ correspondto LN3 and LN4), the effect is the same as in the embodiment illustratedin FIG. 5( a).

For the present third modification example also, as with the previousembodiment, a decision regarding whether to have a means for indirectconnection operate in opposite phase or in phase may be taken inaccordance with the inversion circumstances of the phases of alternatingvoltages applied to fluorescent tubes 51 to 54, and a connection meansmay be made to operate either in phase or in opposite phase asappropriate. According to a fluorescent tube lighting apparatus havingthis type of configuration, since unwanted radiant componentsoriginating from the fluorescent tubes can be balanced out between thefluorescent tubes, it is possible to reduce noise traveling from afluorescent light to, for example, a liquid crystal panel.

Regarding the means for indirect connection 90 or 90′ in FIG. 5( d), asthe method for connecting inverter circuits A and B, or C and D, theconfiguration used employs transformed coupling using each winding ofthe transformer as a choke coil, however, a configuration may beemployed according to an example similar to the above third embodiment(FIG. 3 (b)-(e)).

Regarding these means for indirect connection LN1, LN2, 90, and 90′, aslong as one of the means for indirect connection is provided a problemdoes not arise if any of the others is lacking since inverter circuits Ato D can be synchronized, and a configuration may be employed that, asnecessary, comprises all four connection means, such as in order toreinforce synchronization among the inverter circuits.

The fifth embodiment is described above. However, both the firstconfiguration as a means for indirectly connecting together invertercircuits at both ends of a fluorescent tube and the second configurationas a means for indirectly connecting fluorescent tube lightingapparatuses utilize the principle whereby, using various windings insidethe inverter circuits, the resonance frequency of each inverter circuitis resonated for synchronization as a result of resonance frequenciesgenerated in each of the inverter circuits being transmitted to eachother via magnetic flux originating from induced electromotive forcegenerated in the windings. Accordingly, the aforementioned variouswindings can be used in either of the above first and secondconfigurations, and this feature is encompassed by the presentinvention. In addition, regarding the above second configuration, byconnecting in parallel tertiary windings not used in self-excitedoscillation or the like provided in three or more fluorescent tubelighting apparatuses, the three or more fluorescent tube lightingapparatuses can be indirectly connected, with there being no limitationon the number of fluorescent tube lighting apparatuses, and this featureis encompassed by the present invention. Further, there is no particularlimitation on the number of fluorescent tubes that a single fluorescenttube lighting apparatus can comprise. In such case also, regardingselection of an in-phase connection or opposite phase connection for thephases of fluorescent tube lighting apparatuses in the above secondconfiguration, either may be selected as long as indirect connection isperformed such that the phases of voltages applied to the fluorescenttubes are inverted per each fluorescent tube or per the number offluorescent tubes comprised by a single fluorescent tube lightingapparatus, and this is also within the scope of the present invention.

When using a tertiary winding for indirect connection, the number ofturns of the tertiary winding is less than the number of turns of atertiary winding used in self-excited oscillation. For example, in FIG.1( a), the number of turns of tertiary winding L3-1 used for indirectconnection may be low, for example, about 0.5 to 3 turns. On the otherhand, the number of turns of tertiary winding L3-2 used for self-excitedoscillation is, for example, about the number of turns required toswitch ON the base side of transistors 8 and 9. By making the respectivenumber of turns different in this manner, the control of voltagesapplied to a fluorescent light is possible even for low voltages,enabling the effects of noise to be reduced. In addition, as shown inFIG. 1( e), with regard to tertiary windings inside the sametransformer, the number of turns can be changed in the same manner asthe case of FIG. 1( a) for a tertiary winding used for self-excitedoscillation and a tertiary winding used for indirect connection.

The embodiments illustrated up to now as means for indirect connectionall relate to coupling between windings of the same parts of invertercircuits, and the definition of a means for indirect connection refersto coupling by an inductive coupling effect, and does not involvemovement of a carrier between inverter circuits. Therefore, coupling bya suitable combination of the various windings illustrated above (i.e.,tertiary winding not used in self-excited oscillation, choke coil,secondary winding not used in power supply to a driven unit, windingconnected in parallel to a tertiary winding used in self-excitedoscillation, and the like) that can be indirectly connected is alsoconsidered to be an indirect connection. For example, a connection maybe a direct connection between a “tertiary winding not used inself-excited oscillation” and a “secondary winding not used in powersupply to a driven unit”, or may be transformed coupling between a“choke coil” and a “winding connected in parallel to a tertiary windingused in self-excited oscillation”.

As an application example of the fluorescent tube lighting apparatusdescribed in the above first to fifth embodiments, an example will bedescribed of an application to a backlight apparatus used in a displaydevice requiring uniform planar light from a rear surface such as, forexample, a translucent liquid crystal display.

-Embodiment as a Backlight-

Backlight apparatuses according to the present embodiment can be roughlyclassified into two types. One type is a so-called “direct backlight”,in which fluorescent tubes are provided opposite the position of adisplay screen and light emitted from the fluorescent tubes is diffusedby a light diffuser to illuminate the display screen as uniform planarlight. The other type of backlight apparatus is a so-called “side-edgebacklight”, in which fluorescent tubes are provided at the sides of adisplay screen and light from the fluorescent tubes is converted by alight-guiding plate into uniform planar light to illuminate the displayscreen.

The fluorescent tube lighting apparatus described in the first to fifthembodiments can be applied to both of the above types of backlightapparatus. Hereunder, as a sixth embodiment, an example of applicationto a direct backlight apparatus will be described referring to FIG. 6 toFIG. 8, and as a seventh embodiment an example of application to aside-edge backlight apparatus will be described referring to FIG. 9 andFIG. 10.

FIG. 6 illustrates a configuration example of circuitry used in a directbacklight apparatus according to the sixth embodiment of the presentinvention, and shows a configuration in which a plurality of thefluorescent tube lighting apparatus according to the first embodiment ofthe present invention are provided to simultaneously drive a pluralityof fluorescent tubes synchronously. In FIG. 6, n represents a naturalnumber, where n is selected by an engineer as an optimal value inaccordance with a usage condition (that is, the number of fluorescenttubes).

FIG. 7 is a front elevation of the direct backlight apparatus accordingto the present embodiment, and FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating thecross section indicated by arrows X-X in FIG. 7. In FIGS. 7 and 8according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention, a case isshown where the value for n in FIG. 6 is 3 (that is, when the number offluorescent tubes is 6), however this is merely one example and thenumber of fluorescent lights can be appropriately changed in accordancewith a purpose of use.

As shown in FIG. 6, the fluorescent tube lighting apparatus according tothe present embodiment comprises input terminals 1 and 2 and invertercircuits A1-B1, A2-B2 . . . An-Bn. In the respective inverter circuitsare provided the above first configuration LN1 to LNn and the abovesecond configuration LNa and LNb as means for indirect connection, andfluorescent lights 15 and 16.

As shown in FIG. 7 and FIG. 8, a direct backlight apparatus 30 isprovided with three sets of the fluorescent tube lighting apparatusdescribed in the first embodiment which are connected in parallel to adirect-current power supply, and each set of fluorescent tubes 15 and 16is uniformly disposed by separating them at a prescribed width. Directbacklight apparatus 30 further comprises a shield frame 31 housing thefluorescent tubes 15 and 16, a reflector plate 32 provided betweenshield frame 31 and fluorescent tubes 15 and 16, a light diffuser 33disposed facing the side of fluorescent tubes 15 and 16 opposite theside on which reflector plate 32 is disposed, fixtures for both ends 34for fixing both ends of fluorescent tubes 15 and 16, and a centerfixture 35 for fixing the center of fluorescent tubes 15 and 16.

The configuration of each member will now be described excluding membersthat have already been described in relation to the fluorescent tubelighting apparatus. Shield frame 31 is formed by a box-shaped unit withone open side and a flange part provided in an extended condition on thecircumference of the box-shaped unit in a direction opposite to the openpart. Shield frame 31 can be fabricated, for example, by press workingplate material comprising iron, aluminum or magnesium alloy.

Reflector plate 32 is fabricated from film comprising, for example, PET(polyethylene terephthalate) containing high reflectivity material, andof the light emitted from the fluorescent tubes, reflector plate 32reflects most of the light emitted to the side on which reflector plate32 is disposed to the fluorescent tubes side. A different form ofreflector plate 32 that can also be used is one that comprises applyinga coating of high reflectivity material to shield frame 31.

Light diffuser 33 is formed, for example, by including high diffusivitymaterial in transparent material such as acryl or polycarbonate. Lightdiffuser 33 evenly diffuses light incident on the plane of incidencefrom fluorescent tubes 15 and 16, and emits it from a radial plane of aposition facing the plane of incidence.

Fixtures for both ends 34 are support members for disposing both ends offluorescent tubes 15 and 16 in specified positions. Inverter circuits Aand B are disposed between the fixtures for both ends 34 and shield part31, which is disposed externally to the fixtures for both ends 34.Further, center fixture 35 prevents fluorescent tubes 15 and 16, whichare of extended length, from bending due to their own weight.

Operation of direct backlight apparatus 30 configured as above will nowbe described. When direct current is applied to inverter circuits A andB, as described in each of the above embodiments, self-excitedoscillation takes place in inverter circuits A and B and at both ends offluorescent tubes 15 and 16 sinusoidal voltages of opposite phases withrespect to each other are stabilized and applied. Thus, the brightnessat the two ends of fluorescent tubes 15 and 16 is equalized. Thereafter,light emitted from the fluorescent tubes is incident on the plane ofincidence of light diffuser 33 and diffused, and then emitted from theradial plane. At this time, because the brightness at both ends of eachfluorescent tube is equalized, light emitted from the radial plane oflight diffuser 33 is emitted uniformly over the whole surface.

As described in the foregoing, according to the fluorescent tubelighting apparatus of the present embodiment it is possible to configurea direct backlight apparatus 30 that emits planar light of uniformbrightness from light diffuser 33. For the present embodiment an examplewas described that used the fluorescent tube lighting apparatusdescribed in the first embodiment, however, a similar effect can also beobtained using a fluorescent tube lighting apparatus described in thesecond to fifth embodiments.

Various modifications are also possible with respect to the positions inwhich to dispose inverter circuits A and B. For example, the invertercircuits may be provided on the side of shield frame 31 opposite theside on which reflector plate 32 is disposed. However, if the wiresconnecting fluorescent tubes 15 and 16 and the secondary windings havinghigh voltage are long, power loss increases and the influence ofuncertain elements, such as stray capacitance, is liable to occur andthis can become a noise-generating factor. Therefore, it is preferablethat the inverter circuits be provided in a position as close aspossible to the two ends of fluorescent tubes 15 and 16.

FIG. 9 is a front elevation of a backlight apparatus using a fluorescenttube lighting apparatus according to the seventh embodiment of thepresent invention, and FIG. 10 is an illustration of the cross sectionindicated by arrows Y-Y in FIG. 9. In FIG. 9 and FIG. 10 of the seventhembodiment a case is illustrated in which the value for n in FIG. 6 is 2(that is, when the number of fluorescent tubes is 4), however this ismerely one example and the number of fluorescent tubes may be greater orless than that.

As shown in FIG. 9, in a side-edge backlight apparatus 40, fluorescenttubes 15 and 16 are disposed on the inner sides of a box-shaped housing44 having an opening on one side, and two sets of the fluorescent tubelighting apparatus according to the first embodiment are connected inparallel to a direct-current power supply. Side-edge backlight apparatus40 also comprises a light-guiding plate 41 disposed inside housing 44 ina condition facing fluorescent tubes 15 and 16, reflector plates 42covering the circumference of fluorescent tubes 15 and 16 and having anopening in the direction in which light-guiding plate 41 is disposed,and a bottom reflector plate 43 provided in a condition facing thesurface of the side of light-guiding plate 41 opposite the radial planethereof.

The configuration of each member will now be described excluding thefluorescent tube lighting apparatus, which has been described already.Light-guiding plate 41 comprises highly transmissive material such asacryl or polycarbonate of a prescribed thickness, and receives from thesides the light of fluorescent tubes 15 and 16 disposed on both sidesthereof and emits essentially uniform planar light from a radial plane45.

Reflector plates 42 and bottom reflector plate 43 comprise a platematerial comprising, for example, on the inner side thereof, filmcomprising PET (polyethylene terephthalate) containing high reflectivitymaterial or the like, or a structure in which a high reflectivitycoating is applied to a plate material, and the plates reflect lightemitted from the fluorescent tubes to the side of light-guiding plate 41without, as far as possible, any attenuation thereof.

The operation of side-edge backlight 40 formed as described above willnow be described. When direct current is applied to inverter circuits Aand B, as described in each of the above embodiments, inverter circuitsA and B carry out self-excited oscillation, and at the two ends offluorescent tubes 15 and 16 sinusoidal voltages of opposite phases withrespect to each other are stabilized and applied. Thus, the brightnessat both ends of fluorescent tubes 15 and 16 is equalized. Since all ofthe fluorescent tubes are synchronously, the brightness at both ends ofeach fluorescent tube is made uniform.

Further, light emitted from the fluorescent tubes is incident on a planeof incidence of light-guiding plate 41 to be diffused, and is thenemitted from radial plane 45. At this time, because the brightness atboth ends of each fluorescent tube is uniform, the brightness at bothends of the radial plane of the light-guiding plate is also uniform.

As described above, according to the present embodiment a side-edgebacklight apparatus 40 can be provided that emits planar light of auniform brightness from radial plane 45 of light-guiding plate 41. Inthe present embodiment an example was described that uses thefluorescent tube lighting apparatus as described in the firstembodiment, however a similar effect can also be obtained using afluorescent tube lighting apparatus as described in the second to fifthembodiments. In addition, for the seventh embodiment also, it is clearthat the positions in which to dispose inverter circuits A and B are notlimited to those illustrated in the figure.

Although the backlight apparatuses as described in the sixth and seventhembodiments are based on the premise that the shape of a fluorescenttube is straight, in the present invention in general the shape of afluorescent tube is not limited thereto, and for example, an L-shape,U-shape, or C-shape tube may be used herein as appropriate. However,since a distance exists between two inverter circuits connecting to thetwo ends of a straight fluorescent tube because of the shape of thetube, and since that distance increases together with an increase in thelength of the tube, it is clear that the indirect connections describedabove are effective.

Further, in this type of backlight apparatus it is better to dispose afluorescent tube horizontally rather than vertically. This is becausedisposing a fluorescent tube horizontally allows the mercurydistribution inside the tube to even out without any bias towards eitherelectrode, thus extending the lifespan of the fluorescent tube.Accordingly, it is thereby possible to equalize the luminancedistribution of the backlight apparatus and also to extend its lifespanas a backlight apparatus.

The foregoing describes an embodiment for a direct backlight apparatusand an embodiment for a side-edge backlight apparatus. When a liquidcrystal panel is disposed facing the radial plane of these backlightapparatuses to form a liquid crystal display, because light emitted fromthe backlight apparatus is of high uniformity, it is possible to providea liquid crystal display having a favorable image quality with uniformbrightness over the whole display.

Next, embodiments for a liquid crystal display will be described.

As embodiments of this liquid crystal display, an example using a directbacklight apparatus will be described as the eighth embodiment and anexample using a side-edge backlight apparatus will be described as theninth embodiment.

-Direct Backlight Example-

FIG. 11 is a side elevation illustrating a configuration example of aliquid crystal display according to the eighth embodiment of the presentinvention. Because the configuration of the direct backlight apparatusis the same as that described for the sixth embodiment, a descriptionthereof is omitted here. As shown in FIG. 11, a liquid crystal display50 comprises an optical sheet 52 and a liquid crystal panel 51 disposedin that order on the side of light diffuser 33 of direct backlightapparatus 30 opposite the side on which reflector plate 32 is disposed(i.e., on the radial plane side of light from light diffuser 33).Further, a driving apparatus (not shown in the figure) of the liquidcrystal panel is connected to liquid crystal panel 51, and signalsdesignating the gradation of each pixel of the liquid crystal panel areoutput from the driving apparatus of the liquid crystal panel to displaya desired image on the display screen.

The configuration of each member will now be described. For liquidcrystal panel 51, any type of translucent liquid crystal panel can beused, for example, a TFT (thin film transistor) type panel or the likemay be used. For optical sheet 52, while the required functions willdiffer depending on the kind of device employed as liquid crystal panel51, typically it will comprise a polarizing film or a light diffusingfilm or the like. However, if liquid crystal panel 51 is of aspecification such that it does not require the optical sheet 52,optical sheet 52 can be omitted.

Since uniform planar light is irradiated onto liquid crystal panel 51from direct backlight apparatus 30 comprised by liquid crystal display50 configured as described above, it is possible to display a highquality image having a uniform level of brightness over the wholedisplay screen.

-Side-Edge Backlight Example-

FIG. 12 is a side elevation illustrating a configuration example of aliquid crystal display according to the ninth embodiment of the presentinvention. Because the configuration of the side-edge backlightapparatus is the same as that described for the above seventhembodiment, a description thereof is omitted here.

As shown in FIG. 12, a liquid crystal display 60 comprises an opticalsheet 52 and a liquid crystal panel 51 disposed in that order facing aradial plane 45 of a side-edge backlight apparatus 40. Here, opticalsheet 52 and liquid crystal panel 51 are similar to those described forthe seventh embodiment, and as in that embodiment, a driving apparatus(not shown in the figure) of a liquid crystal panel is attached toliquid crystal panel 51 to control the gradation of each pixel of liquidcrystal panel 51.

Since roughly uniform planar light is irradiated onto liquid crystalpanel 51 from side-edge backlight apparatus 40 comprised by liquidcrystal display 60 having the above configuration, it is possible todisplay a high quality image having a uniform brightness over the wholedisplay.

Further, although the liquid crystal displays as described in the eighthand ninth embodiments are based on the premise that the shape of afluorescent tube is straight, in general in the present invention theshape of a fluorescent tube is not limited thereto, and, for example, anL-shape, U-shape, or C-shape tube may be used herein as appropriate.Also, since a distance exists between two inverter circuits connectingto the two ends of a straight fluorescent tube because of the shape ofthe tube, and since that distance increases together with an increase inthe length of the tube, it is obvious that the indirect connectionsdescribed above are effective.

In this type of liquid crystal display it is better to dispose afluorescent tube horizontally with respect to the ground rather than ina vertical direction. This is because disposing the fluorescent tubehorizontally allows the mercury distribution inside the tube to even outwithout any bias towards either electrode, thus extending the lifespanof the fluorescent tube. Accordingly, it is thereby possible to equalizethe luminance distribution of the liquid crystal display, and also toextend its lifespan as a liquid crystal display.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

As described in the foregoing, using the inverter circuits according tothe present invention it is possible to stabilize voltages applied atboth ends of a driven unit to reverse the phases of the voltages withrespect to each other. Thus it is possible to equalize the output atboth ends of a driven unit.

In addition, the fluorescent tube driving apparatus of the presentinvention can stabilize voltages applied at both ends of a fluorescenttube to reverse the phases of the voltages with respect to each other.Therefore, it is possible to provide a fluorescent tube drivingapparatus capable of uniformly driving the brightness at both ends of afluorescent tube.

Further, according to the fluorescent tube driving apparatus of thepresent invention, by connecting the inverter circuits in oppositephase, a fluorescent tube driving apparatus can be provided that iscapable of uniformly driving the brightness at both ends of afluorescent tube even when using inverter circuits having commonspecifications.

In addition, according to the fluorescent tube driving apparatus of thepresent invention, a fluorescent tube driving apparatus can be providedwherein the brightness of two or more fluorescent tubes is equal.

Also, because the fluorescent tube driving apparatus of the presentinvention enables the reduction of noise within each inverter circuit, afluorescent tube driving apparatus having low noise can be provided.

Further, because the fluorescent tube driving apparatus of the presentinvention can reduce noise propagated between inverter circuits, afluorescent tube driving apparatus having low noise can be provided.

Furthermore, according to the backlight apparatus of the presentinvention the two ends of a fluorescent tube used in the backlightapparatus emit light of a uniform brightness. Thus, a backlightapparatus can be provided that can supply uniform planar luminescence.

Still further, according to the liquid crystal display of the presentinvention uniform planar luminescence is supplied from a backlightapparatus. Therefore, it is possible to provide a liquid crystal displaythat can equalize the brightness of the entire display screen to providehigh image quality.

1. A backlight apparatus comprising: a plurality of long-tubular-typefluorescent tubes disposed so that the longitudinal directions thereofare parallel to one another; and first and second inverter transformers,wherein the inverter transformers apply voltages having opposite phasesto respective ends of each fluorescent tube for driving the plurality offluorescent tubes simultaneously, and apply voltages having oppositephases to the respective adjacent ends of the plurality of fluorescenttubes, and wherein a transformer having a single primary winding and aplurality of secondary windings that convert a voltage inputted to theprimary winding into a high voltage and output the high voltage is usedfor each inverter transformer.
 2. The backlight apparatus according toclaim 1, wherein at least two of the plurality of secondary windings arewound reversely with each other.
 3. A backlight apparatus comprising: aplurality of long-tubular-type fluorescent tubes disposed so that thelongitudinal directions thereof are parallel to one another; and firstand second inverter transformers, each having a plurality of secondarywindings each for increasing a voltage inputted to a primary winding andoutputting the increased voltage, wherein the voltage increased by oneof the secondary windings of the first inverter transformer is appliedto one-end side of the fluorescent tubes, and the voltage increased byone of the secondary windings of the other inverter transformer isapplied to the other-end side of the fluorescent tubes, so as to drivethe plurality of fluorescent tubes, and wherein the number of windingsof the first inverter transformer is the same as the number of windingsof the second inverter transformer.
 4. The backlight apparatus accordingto claim 3, wherein the magnitudes of the voltages applied to the endsof the fluorescent tubes are essentially same.
 5. The backlightapparatus according to claim 1 or 3, further comprising: a pair ofboth-end fixtures for disposing the ends of each of the fluorescenttubes in predetermined positions; and a fixture for fixing each of thefluorescent tubes between the both-end fixtures.
 6. The backlightapparatus according to claim 5, wherein a plurality of the fixtures areprovided between the both-end fixtures for at least one of the pluralityof fluorescent tubes.
 7. A liquid crystal display device comprising: thebacklight apparatus according to claim 1 or 3; and a liquid crystalpanel illuminated by the backlight apparatus for displaying video.
 8. Abacklight apparatus comprising, a plurality of fluorescent tubesdisposed so that the longitudinal directions thereof are substantiallyparallel to one another; and an inverter circuit having first and secondinverter transformers, wherein the inverter transformers apply voltageshaving opposite phases to respective ends of each fluorescent tube fordriving the plurality of fluorescent tubes simultaneously, and applyvoltages having opposite phases to the respective adjacent ends of theplurality of fluorescent tubes, and wherein the inverter transformerseach have a single primary winding and a plurality of secondary windingsthat convert a voltage inputted to the primary winding into a highvoltage and output the high voltage.
 9. A drive apparatus comprising:first and second inverter transformers each having a primary winding anda plurality of secondary windings for increasing a voltage inputted tothe primary winding, the apparatus driving a plurality of fluorescenttubes disposed so that the longitudinal directions thereof aresubstantially parallel to one another, wherein, when the plurality offluorescent tubes are driven, the voltage increased by one of thesecondary windings of the first inverter transformer is applied toone-end of the fluorescent tubes, and the voltage increased by one ofthe secondary windings of the other inverter transformer is applied tothe other-end of the fluorescent tubes, and wherein the number ofwindings of the first inverter transformer, is the same as the number ofwindings of the second inverter transformer.
 10. The drive apparatusaccording to claim 9, wherein the magnitudes of voltages applied to theends of the fluorescent tubes are essentially same.
 11. An invertercircuit comprising: first and second inverter transformers each having aprimary winding and a plurality of secondary windings for increasing avoltage inputted to the primary winding, the apparatus driving aplurality of fluorescent tubes disposed so that the longitudinaldirections thereof are substantially parallel to one another, wherein,when the inverter circuit is used for driving the plurality offluorescent tubes, the voltage increased by one of the secondarywindings of the first inverter transformer is applied to one-end of thefluorescent tubes, and the voltage increased by one of the secondarywindings of the second inverter transformer is applied to the other-endof the fluorescent tubes, and wherein the number of windings of thefirst inverter transformer, is the same as the number of windings of thesecond inverter transformer.
 12. A backlight apparatus comprising: aplurality of long-tubular-type fluorescent tubes disposed so that thelongitudinal directions thereof are parallel to one another; and aninverter transformer, wherein the inverter transformer applies voltageshaving opposite phases to adjacent ends of each of the fluorescent tubesfor driving the plurality of fluorescent tubes simultaneously, andwherein a transformer having a single primary winding and a plurality ofsecondary windings that convert a voltage inputted to the primarywinding into a high voltage and output the high voltage is used as theinverter transformer.
 13. The backlight apparatus according to claim 12,wherein at least two of the plurality of secondary windings are woundreversely with each other.
 14. A backlight apparatus comprising: aplurality of long-tubular-type fluorescent tubes disposed so that thelongitudinal directions thereof are parallel to one another; and aplurality of secondary windings each for increasing a voltage inputtedto a primary winding and outputting the increased voltage, wherein thevoltage increased by one of the secondary windings is applied to one-endside of one of the fluorescent tubes, and the voltage increased by theother secondary winding is applied to a one-end side of a fluorescenttube adjacent to the on fluorescent tube, so as to drive the pluralityof fluorescent tubes, and wherein the number of windings of an invertertransformer which supplies the voltage to one-end side of the pluralityof fluorescent tubes, is the same as the number of windings of aninverter transformer which supplies the voltage to the other-end side ofthe plurality of fluorescent tubes.
 15. The backlight apparatusaccording to claim 14, wherein the magnitudes of the voltages applied tothe ends of the fluorescent tubes are essentially same.
 16. Thebacklight apparatus according to claim 12 or 14, further comprising: apair of both-end fixtures for disposing the ends of each of thefluorescent tubes in predetermined positions; and a fixture for fixingeach of the fluorescent tubes between the both-end fixtures.
 17. Thebacklight apparatus according to claim 16, wherein a plurality of thefixtures are provided between the both-end fixtures for at least one ofthe plurality of fluorescent tubes.
 18. A liquid crystal display devicecomprising: the backlight apparatus according to claim 12 or 14; and aliquid crystal panel illuminated by the backlight apparatus fordisplaying video.
 19. A backlight apparatus comprising: a plurality offluorescent tubes disposed so that the longitudinal directions thereofare substantially parallel to one another; and an inverter circuit,wherein the inverter circuit applies voltages having opposite phases tothe adjacent ends of each of the fluorescent tubes for driving theplurality of fluorescent tubes simultaneously, and wherein the invertercircuit is provided with a transformer having a single primary windingand a plurality of secondary windings that convert a voltage inputted tothe primary winding into a high voltage and output the high voltage. 20.A drive apparatus comprising: an inverter transformer having a primarywinding and a plurality of secondary windings for increasing a voltageinputted to the primary winding, the apparatus driving a plurality offluorescent tubes disposed so that the longitudinal directions thereofare substantially parallel to one another, wherein, when the pluralityof fluorescent tubes are driven, the voltage increased by one of thesecondary windings is applied to one-end of one fluorescent tube of theplurality of fluorescent tubes, and the voltage increased by the othersecondary winding is applied to an end of another fluorescent tube ofthe plurality of fluorescent tubes that is adjacent to the one-end ofthe one fluorescent tube, and wherein the number of windings of aninverter transformer which supplies the voltage to one-end side of theplurality of fluorescent tubes, is the same as the number of windings ofan inverter transformer which supplies the voltage to the other-end sideof the plurality of fluorescent tubes.
 21. The drive apparatus accordingto claim 20, wherein the magnitudes of voltages applied to the ends ofthe fluorescent tubes are essentially the same.
 22. An inverter circuitcomprising: an inverter transformer having a primary winding and aplurality of secondary windings for increasing a voltage inputted to theprimary winding, the apparatus driving a plurality of fluorescent tubesdisposed so that the longitudinal directions thereof are substantiallyparallel to one another, wherein, when the inverter circuit is used fordriving the plurality of fluorescent tubes, the voltage increased by oneof the secondary windings is applied to one-end of one fluorescent tubeof the plurality of fluorescent tubes, and the voltage increased by theother secondary winding is applied to an end of another fluorescent tubeof the plurality of fluorescent tubes that is adjacent to the one-end ofthe one fluorescent tube, and wherein the number of windings of aninverter transformer which supplies the voltage to one-end side of theplurality of fluorescent tubes, is the same as the number of windings ofan inverter transformer which supplies the voltage to the other-end sideof the plurality of fluorescent tubes.